박영희 Yong Hee Park

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 1-28, 2014

The security crisis of the Korean Peninsula have been continuing since the beginning of 2013. The North Korean third nuclear test has brought the crisis but the six-party talks have been suspended for six years. The United States, facing the fiscal cliff with astronomical budget deficits and debts, has tired of North Korean nuclear ambitions. The sequester has begun from on March 1, 2013. The U.S defense secretaries have warned that the defense budget cuts would be a "catastrophe". I , as a budget expert, believe that current impasse, which only buys time for North Korea to develope its nuclear program, is unstable and that matters will get worse if not addressed by the Republic of Korea. We should take a firm initiative. We do not have much time left. The gigantic diastrophism is approaching to the Korean Peninsula.

안보위기, 6자회담, 한반도 비핵화, 지각변동, Security Crisis, Six-Party Talk, Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Fiscal Cliff, Sequester, Diastrophism

허만형 Mann Hyung Hur

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 29-55, 2014

Provident funds as a pension system have widely diffused to Southeast Asian, African, and Pacific island countries. This study explored typologies of provident funds based on a set of five components of the institutional grammar developed by Crawford and Ostrom. A comparative analysis was conducted to compare these typologies. According to this study``s findings, provident funds have been diversified into four forms: 1) a group of countries using provident funds as a supplementary pension; 2) a group of countries switching provident funds into a new pension system; 3) a group of countries using provident funds as a basic pension under the multi-pillar pension system; and a group of countries operating provident funds as a form of multi-pillar pensions. The last one described as a Singaporean model would be a worthwhile model for pension reform, and especially useful model for the improvement of occupational pension systems in Korea, which have suffered from frequent withdrawal from occupational pension accounts.

준비기금, 퇴직연금, 제도주의, 제도문법, provident fund, occupational pension, institutionalism, institutional grammar

황선영 Sun Young Hwang , 윤은기 Eun Gee Yun

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 55-80, 2014

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relative importance of cultural symbol elements in the Local Government. This study classifies cultural symbol elements into the following categories: natural factors, historical-traditional factors, character factors, life factors, artificial factors, and event factors. Using the analysis method of AHP, the six measuring indictors and twenty-five measuring items in cultural symbol elements are comparatively analyzed in terms of the relative importance and the order of priority in the case study of the eight Counties. The relative importance of natural factors is 29.7%, historical-traditional factors 28.7%, character factors 11.4%, life factors 11.2%, event factors 9.5%, artificial factors 9.4% respectively. The result of the analysis indicates that the natural and historical traditional factors are relatively significant. Natural and historical-traditional factors among the cultural symbol elements are, as a matter of fact, momentous to establish the identity of local brand. In other words, it is required to propel the priority of policy in terms of natural and historical-traditional factors for establishing the identity of local brand. The analysis method of AHP will use as an instrument for design strategies and policy decisions for establishing the identity of local brand. Consequently, it will substantially be necessary to establish differentiated local brand in the strategy of the development of local brand.

AHP 분석, 문화상징요소, 지역 브랜드, AHP Analysis, Cultural Symbol Elements, Local Brand

공병천 Byung Chun Kong

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 81-106, 2014

Today the government``s increased role and functions give birth to the blind spot of audit and inspection. The roles and functions of the SAO(The Self-Audit Organization) existed in the government and public institutions are increasingly growing and expanding. The bilateral cooperation for efficient auditing in the public sector of between the BAI(The Board of Audit and Inspection) and the SAO is very important. The BAI as the supreme audit institution evaluate the activity of the SAO every year. In this article, I would like to analysis of the resonable connection between the SAO’s audit activities and the BAI’s the evaluation system. The criteria for analysis of connection are independence, professionalism, and collaboration.

공공감사, 자체감사, 평가제도, Public Audit, Self-audit, Evaluation System

Hyun Joong Kim , Sung Soo Won

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 107-125, 2014

In the United States, policy makers in public and private sectors have focused on economic clusters for industrial development in agglomeration economies. In this study, we employ the Getis-Ord local Gi statistic and county-level employment data from 1990, 1997, and 2003 to identify and analyze spatio-temporal changes in clusters of manufacturing and service industries. Our research findings show significant increases and/or decrease of manufacturing and services industries in various spatial clusters at state and regional levels. From our analysis, the dynamic interplays between manufacturing and service industries have shown interesting spatial clustering patterns that may provide useful hints to local government policies on future economic developments of US and Korean society.

집적분석, 산업클러스터, 집적경제, Local Mi 통계기법, 지역경제정책, cluster analysis, industry cluster, economic cluster, Local Mi statistic, Local economic policy

한인섭 In Sub Han , 김정렬 Jung Yul Kim

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 125-149, 2014

The purpose of this paper is to search for the defects of the local welfare foundations and come up with the ideas for the institutionalization. We have delved into the present states of the establishment, organization and staff, management and business of 17 local welfare foundations, and then analysed the actual conditions and limits of them. As a result, we have found some problems such as the political appointment and the non-professionality of CEOs, the insufficiency of the managerial independence and autonomy, the shortage of organizational and personnel resources, and the overlapping of their businesses. In these respects, we suggest some recommendations like rationalization of feasibility study, construction of sound governance, improvement of transparency and openness, establishment of responsible management system. We most stressed that the role of the local welfare foundations should be clarified, based on the division of the role and responsibilities between the stakeholders of local welfare system, such as local government and social welfare bodies and facilities.

지역복지재단, 출자출연기관, 법인화, local welfare foundation, local public authority, incorporation

복문수 Moon Soo Bok

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 149-174, 2014

There are several principles in local tax contrast with national tax. These are sufficiency, elasticity, stability, base on benefit, locality, generality, equal burden, conveniency, independence and so on. Though these are not permanent principles like iron law, we have tried to keep these principles for a long time. Especially, local property taxes have been considered to meet local tax principle compared to any other local taxes, and so the revenue of local property taxes have taken the most proportion in entire local tax revenue. And when government had introduced local consumer tax in 2010, there were so many controversies whether local consumer tax is suitable to local tax principles. In this study, I``d like to analysis local tax system about the suitability of local property taxes, local income taxes and local consumer taxes according to local tax principles. So. there are some findings: Local property taxes is excellent in sufficiency, base on benefit and locality principles, and good in equal burden principle. Local income taxes is excellent in elasticity, generality principles, and good in stability principle. Meanwhile, local consumer taxes is excellent in stability, base on benefit, equal burden principles, and good in sufficiency, elasticity, generality principles. In this regard, local consumer taxes are suitable to local tax principle rather than local property taxes are. According to local tax principle, I``d like to suggest that local consumer taxes and local income taxes (1) be preferred to local property taxes which take an overlarge part of local tax revenue and (2) be adopted in local tax system more and more.

지방재정, 지방세 원칙, 재산과세, 소득과세, 소비과세, local tax principles, local property tax, local income tax, local consumer tax, local tax

김병록 Byung Rok Kim , 박태양 Tai Yang Park

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 175-201, 2014

This study analyzed the impact of Board of Directors on accountability of local public enterprises, and drew the improvement of the Board of Directors to enhance the accountability of local public enterprises. This surveyed board members and staffs of local public corporations, and authorized officials of local government to measure the 6 factors(representativeness, expertise, independence, transparency, evaluation, compensation) of the Board of Directors and the accountability of local public corporations, and to find out the improvement of the Board of Directors. The multiple regression analysis between these factors and the accountability of local public corporations showed a statistically significant result with the explanatory power of 68.8%. Influence of statistically significant factors were the order of the independence, expertise, evaluation and transparency. Improvements, based on the findings, were presented in terms of composition, operations, and controls of the Boards of the Directors(e.g., Abolishing the appointment of ex officio directors by the local government, remuneration, nationwide talent pool of non-executive directors, subcommittee activation, ex post education system, political exclusion of non-executive directors, raising non-executive directors’ ratio, building incentives system of competent non-executive directors).

지방공기업, 이사회, 책임성, 지방개발공사, 지배구조, Local Public Corporations, Boards of Directors, Accountability, Governance

정순관 Soon Gwan Chung , 김선명 Seon Myung Kim , 하정봉 Jung Bong Ha

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 201-229, 2014

The purpose of this study is to present functional improvements and redefine the role of local education offices based on survey analysis results relating to newly introduced office of education support (OES) system in jeollanamado area. The survey results indicate positive evaluations on changes of OES``s organizational functions at large. But, there were also many differences in perception between school professions and local education authorities members. In particular, OES members show a less positive or negative perception to the survey than school professions and provincial office members. For enhancing OES presence, this study``s suggestions are as follow: First, it should be considered that priority empowerment from provincial office to OES which have capabilities. Second, to cope with obvious demands of the school professions, educational welfare and curricular support functions of OES should be strengthened. Third, OES should play a central role more actively in establishing a cooperative mechanism among regional education stakeholders so that may develop curriculum reflecting jeollanamdo province``s characteristics.

교육지원청, 기능개편, 인식조사, 역할재정립, Local Education Authorities, Office of Education Support, Survey Analysis, Jeollanamdo

김동석 Dong Seok Kim , 윤화영 Hoa Young Yun

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 229-251, 2014

This study examines the adoption of the local governance approach for effective implementation of forest education. The objective of the study is to classify the relationship between the local government and private sector in the various types of forest education governance classified on the basis of the central operating body and to present the classification of local government types responsible for the implementation of forest education as well as the characteristics of each type. First, forest education governance was classified into 4 types, specifically, the dual type of local government-private sector, the contacting type of local government-private sector, the cooperative type of local government-private sector and the private sector-led type, based on the central operating body of the local government that carries out and operates forest education. In addition, the characteristics were presented in terms of the body that is responsible for forest education, finance, educational services, policy development and implementation, and partnership. Next, the types of local government for implementing and applying forest education were classified based on three criteria, specifically, the extent of legal and institutional support and financial security, the extent of holding forest education resources, and the activity levels of the forest education service provider. Local governments responsible for implementing forest education were classified into the following 8 types: type 1 (excellent forest education type), type 2 (the type that complements NGO activity), type 3 (the type that complements resources), type 4 (the local government-led type), type 5 (the type that complements interests of the local government), type 6 (the central government support type with excellent resources), type 7 (the central government support type with excellent NGO activity), and type 8 (the central government-led and regional linkage type); and the characteristics of each type were presented.

산림교육, 로컬거버넌스, 산림교육거버넌스, 지방자치단체, forest education, forest education governance, local governments

최희진 Hee Jin Choi

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 251-279, 2014

The purpose of this article is to empirically analyze factors affecting relation between social welfare service contracting-out management structure and program performance focusing elderly job creation project delivery systems. This article examines agency theory and stewardship theory to find the factors of contracting-out management structure which influences program performance. Based on fuzzy-set analysis, I analyzed the relation between contract management factors and project participant effect to get high program performance. As policy implication, I found that if there are high incentives, selection of institutions with their capacities, active composition of coalition, supportive activities in organization relation, low supervision and evaluation, formal consultative groups, and low competition, the program performance of institutions will be high. Also, achieving high performance successfully is to make contract management factors work at the same time.

사회서비스, 민간위탁, 민간위탁 계약관리요인, 민간위탁 사업성과, 노인일자리사업, Social Welfare Service, Contracting-Out Management, Social Welfare Service Contracting-Out Management Structure, Program Performance, Elderly Job Delivery System

박영미 Young Mi Park

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 279-296, 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between police officer``s personality types, organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational commitment. In this study, the focus is on the police officer who works closely with people and their problems. There is limited information about applying the MBTI to police officer or using it in police work in Korea. The findings of this study are as follows. The type distribution for police officer in the present study demonstrates clear preferences for extraversion over introversion, for sensing over intuition, for thinking over feeling, and for judging over perceiving(E-S-T-J). In terms of decision making style, ST (Sensing-Thinking) style is the most dominant. There are significant meanings in the analysis of relationship between police officer``s personality types and organizational citizenship behaviors. In terms of decision making style, the ST style is significantly preferable at conscientiousness, courtesy, and civic virtue in organizational citizenship behaviors to the NF respectively. The effects of organizational citizenship behaviors on organizational commitment are significantly different according to decision making styles. These findings can help field instructors and police managers increase their effectiveness in education and police work.

경찰관, 성격유형, 조직시민행동, 조직몰입, Police Officer, Personality Type, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Commitment

김용운 Yong Woon Kim , 고재권 Jae Kwon Ko

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 297-317, 2014

Recently there is growing concern about artificial disaster in the public sector. Previous research of disaster has focused on an administrative system about the process of handling disaster, decision making process of national disaster management system, and executive process of national disaster management system. In this study, the authors pay attention to the characteristics of New Public Management based on marketization in terms of disaster occurrence in the public sector. In particular, the advancement policy of the public sector in the Lee Myung-bak administration aimed to achieve management efficiency by introducing the management system of the private sector. Based on the advancement policy of the public sector, the authors examine the cause of the subway crash in Seoul Metro as the artificial disaster in the public sector. This study uses the analytic framework based on New Public Management which consists of managerial accountability, efficiency, and professionalism. The analysis shows that the operating system of Seoul Metro overemphasizes efficiency and overlooks managerial accountability and professionalism.

신공공관리론, 행정가치, 공기업선진화 정책, 지하철 추돌사고, New Public Management, Public Values, Advancement Policy in the Public Sector, Subway Crash in Seoul Metro

허훈 Hoon Huh

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 317-343, 2014

There have been many theories which led local development, for example modernization theory, basic needs theory, neo-liberalism, sustainable development theory, creative city approach etc. Among them, Cultural Art Approach has more usefulness in making Local Area. It is my hypothesis of this paper. Korea had chosen modernization theory until th e mid-1990s, and that has brought the wealth and the problems in local area at the same time. After the resurrection of local autonomy, many local authorities used the alternative of development theory, that is cultural art approach. Those cases chose by this paper shows the difference of usefulness. It depends on actors of development, degree of cooperation, a period of time to try.

문화예술에 의한 지역만들기, 근대화론, 보몰가설, 문화예술, Local Area Making by Cultural Art. modernization theory, Baumol`s cost disease, Cultural Art

유동상 Dong Sang Yoo , 임정빈 Jeong Bin Yim

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 343-363, 2014

This paper started from the problems of the previous studies regarding the relationship between organizational culture and organizational effectiveness. The problems are the inexhaustive concept of organizational effectiveness, individual unit of analysis, and ignorance of the time difference between organizational culture and effectiveness. To address these problems, this study analyzed the relationship between organizational culture and effectiveness at the organizational level, using the information of FEV survey from U.S. OPM. To see the time difference, the independent variables were measured based on the 2011 FEV survey, while the dependent variables were estimated based on the 2012 one. The empirical analysis found that consensus and hierarchy cultures have statistically significant influence on the dependent variables such as job satisfaction, organizational involvement, and job involvement. In a practical perspective. this study implies the formation of an appropriate organizational culture is important for the organizational effectiveness. Academically, this study contributes to promoting the research of the organizational culture and effectiveness since we used organizational unit of analysis and the time differences.

조직문화, 조직효과성, 조직수준, Organizational culture, organizational effectiveness, organizational unit of analysis, FEVS

이환성 Hwan Seong Lee , 진재완 Jae Wan Jin

DOI: Vol.21(No.3) 363-383, 2014

This research examines the relationships among organizational culture, network organization, and its effectiveness, using the data from Chuncheon City employees. The results are that network organization is essential for attaining high quality of public service in the local government regardless of public employees`` individual characteristics and their work characteristics. Using a two-stage regression analysis, this research found that network organization was influenced by external organizational culture based on entrepreneurial and result-oriented organizational culture, and simultaneously was related positively to organizational effectiveness. That is, network organization plays a mediating effect on the relationship external organizational culture and effectiveness. This research implies that local government organizational structure needs to be changed from hierarchial to network structure; and such network organization for achieving high quality of public service is better to be formed based on external organizational culture.

외부 지향적 조직문화, 네트워크 조직, 조직성과, External Organizational Culture, Network Organization, Organizational Effectiveness